I whakaputaina · Maori

Rehitatanga Kamupene Haina: Tuhinga, Hipanga me te Wā

He aratohu mahi mō ngā kaiwhakarewa kei waho o Haina e hiahia ana ki te whakatū kamupene i te tuawhenua o Haina: ngā tuhinga e hiahiatia ana, ngā hipanga rehitatanga, me te wā e tika ana kia whakamahia. He pārongo whānui tēnei, ehara i te tohutohu ā-ture, ā-tāke rānei.

E whakaaro ana koe ki te whakatū kamupene i te tuawhenua o Haina? He mahi nui tēnei, ā, he maha ngā tuhinga me ngā hipanga e tika ana kia whai. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ngā mea matua: ngā tuhinga e hiahiatia ana, ngā hipanga o te rehitatanga, me te wā e tika ana kia whakamahia. He pārongo whānui tēnei anake, ehara i te tohutohu ā-ture, ā-tāke rānei. Me kōrero koe ki tētahi rōia, ki tētahi kaitohutohu ā-tāke rānei e mōhio ana ki ngā ture o Haina i mua i te whakatau.

He aha te momo hinonga?

I mua i te tīmatanga, me whakatau koe he aha te momo hinonga e hiahia ana koe. Ko te nuinga o ngā kamupene kei waho e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi o ēnei:

• Kamupene Whakapau Moni Ā-Waho (WFOE): He kamupene e mau ana i te katoa o ngā moni ā-waho. Ka taea e ia te mahi i ngā mahi whakaputa, hoko, ratonga rānei, i runga i ngā whakaaetanga e tika ana.
• Kamupene Mahi Tahi (JV): He kamupene e mahi tahi ana me tētahi hoa Haina. Ka whakamahia mō ngā umanga e herea ana e ngā ture, engari he uaua ake te whakahaere.
• Kamupene Whakapau Moni Ā-Waho mo te Hoko (FICE): He momo WFOE e aro ana ki te hoko me te kaweake, me te hoko hokohoko.

Ko te WFOE te momo e tino whakamahia ana e ngā kaiwhakarewa kei waho, nā te mea he māmā ake te whakahaere me te noho motuhake. Heoi, me titiro ki te rārangi o ngā umanga e herea ana e te ture mō te haunga (negative list) o Haina, nā te mea ka whakaaetia noa ētahi umanga mēnā ka mahi tahi me tētahi hoa Haina.

Ngā tuhinga e hiahiatia ana

Ka rerekē pea ngā whakaritenga i ia rohe, engari ko ēnei ngā tuhinga matua e hiahiatia ana mō tētahi WFOE:

• Ingoa kamupene: Me rapu i mua i te rēhita. He tikanga motuhake tō te ingoa Haina, ā, me whakaae te mana whakahaere (SAMR). Me whakarite kia kaua e taurite ki tētahi ingoa kua rēhitatia.
• Tūranga noho: Me whai wāhi noho ā-ture i te tuawhenua. Me whakaū te mana whenua me te whakaaetanga o te rangatira o te whare.
• Tuhinga o te kamupene (Articles of Association): Me whakamārama i te hanganga, te whakahaere, me ngā motika o ngā kaipupuri. Me hainatia e ngā kaiwhakarewa katoa.
• Pūkete pūtea: Me whai pūkete pūtea i Haina mō te whakauru moni (capital injection).
• Tuhinga whakamana: Me whakamāori, me whakamana hoki ngā tuhinga o waho (notarisation me te legalisation/consular authentication), inā kāore te whenua i roto i te Kawenata Hague Apostille.
• Tuhinga o ngā kaiwhakahaere: Ngā kōpi o ngā puka whakamana (passport) o ngā kaiwhakahaere, o te kaiwhakahaere matua (legal representative), me ngā kaipupuri.
• Mahere pakihi: Ahakoa kāore e tino hiahiatia i ētahi rohe, he mea pai kia whakarite i tētahi mahere poto e whakaatu ana i ngā mahi a te kamupene.
• Rīpoata pūtea: Mō ētahi umanga, ka hiahiatia he rīpoata pūtea o te kamupene matua.

Kia mahara: ka whakawhitia ngā tuhinga katoa ki te reo Haina. Me whakamāori ā-ture ngā tuhinga o waho, ā, me whakamana e te tari tari o Haina ki tāwāhi, e te tari hokohoko rānei, i runga i ngā whakaritenga o te rohe.

Ngā hipanga o te rēhitatanga

Hipanga 1: Whakatau i te momo hinonga me te ingoa

Whiriwhiria te momo hinonga e tika ana mōu. Tirohia te rārangi haunga (negative list) kia mōhio ai mena ka whakaaetia tō umanga. Rapua he ingoa kamupene e toru pea, ka tuku atu ki te SAMR mō te whakaae. Ka roa pea tēnei i ngā rā toru ki te rua wiki.

Hipanga 2: Whakarite i te tūranga noho me ngā tuhinga

Rapua he wāhi noho ā-ture. Hainatia te kirimana rīhi, ā, whakaūngia te whakaaetanga o te rangatira o te whare. Whakaritea ngā tuhinga katoa, tae atu ki te whakamāoritanga me te whakamanatanga. He mea nui kia tika ngā tuhinga katoa i te wā tuatahi, nā te mea ka whakahokia ngā tono hē.

Hipanga 3: Tuku tono mō te whakaaetanga hokohoko

I ētahi rohe, me tuku tono ki te mana whakahaere hokohoko (MOFCOM) mō te whakaaetanga, inā he umanga e herea ana, he haumi ā-waho rānei. I ētahi atu rohe, kua whakakorengia tēnei whakaritenga mō te nuinga o ngā umanga. Me whakapā atu ki te mana whakahaere o tō rohe.

Hipanga 4: Rēhita ki te SAMR

Whakaurua ngā tuhinga katoa ki te SAMR mō te rēhitatanga o te kamupene. Ka tukuna he tiwhikete rēhitatanga (business licence). Ka whiwhi te kamupene i tana nama rēhita, ā, ka tīmata te noho ā-ture. Ka roa pea tēnei i ngā rā e rima ki te rua wiki.

Hipanga 5: Hanga i ngā hiri me ngā pūkete

Whai muri i te rēhitatanga, me hanga e koe:

• Hiri kamupene: Me whakairo i te hiri ā-ture, te hiri pūtea, me ngā hiri o ngā tari.
• Pūkete pūtea: Me whakatuwhera i tētahi pūkete pūtea ā-ture i tētahi peeke i Haina. Ka hiahiatia te tiwhikete rēhitatanga me te hiri.
• Rēhita tāke: Me rēhita ki te tari tāke ā-rohe, me te whiwhi i te nama tāke. Ka hiahiatia hoki te rēhita mō te tāke uara (VAT) mēnā e tika ana.
• Rēhita tari mahi: Me rēhita ki te tari mahi mō ngā kaimahi.
• Whakaaetanga ā-ture: Mēnā e hiahiatia ana mō tō umanga, me whiwhi i ngā whakaaetanga ā-ture (e.g. mō te kai, te rongoā, te hokohoko ā-ipurangi).

Hipanga 6: Whakauru moni

Me whakauru te moni whakapau (registered capital) ki te pūkete pūtea i roto i te wā kua whakaritea. I raro i te ture o Haina, kua whakakorengia te herenga o te wā whakauru mō te nuinga o ngā kamupene, engari me tuhi tonu ki ngā tuhinga o te kamupene. Me mahi te whakauru moni mā te pūnaha pēke ture, ā, me tuhi he pūrongo.

Te wā e tika ana

Ka rerekē te wā i runga i te rohe, te umanga, me te kounga o ngā tuhinga. Hei whānui:

• Te rapu me te whakaae ingoa: 3–14 rā
• Te whakarite tuhinga me te whakamana: 1–4 wiki (kei te whenua o te kaiwhakarewa)
• Te rēhita SAMR: 5–15 rā mahi
• Te hanga hiri, pūkete, me ngā rēhita: 1–3 wiki
• Te whakaaetanga ā-ture (mēnā e hiahiatia ana): 1–6 marama

Mō te nuinga o ngā WFOE kāore e herea ana, ka taea te oti i roto i te 4–8 wiki whai muri i te rite o ngā tuhinga katoa. Engari, me whakarite koe mō ngā roa ohorere, inā kāore ngā tuhinga i te tika, kāore rānei te ingoa i te whakaaetia.

Ngā mea nui kia mahara

• Te whakamana o ngā tuhinga: Kāore e taea te peke. Me whakamāori, me whakamana hoki ngā tuhinga katoa o waho. Me whakarite i mua i te haerenga ki Haina.
• Te kaiwhakahaere matua: Me whai tētahi kaiwhakahaere matua (legal representative) e noho ana i Haina, e mōhio ana rānei ki ngā ture. Ka taea e koe te noho hei kaiwhakahaere matua mēnā e noho ana koe i Haina, engari he uaua mēnā kei tāwāhi koe.
• Te moni whakapau: Ahakoa kua whakakorengia te herenga wā, me whakaaro ki te moni e hiahiatia ana mō te mahi. Kāore e taea te whakauru moni mēnā kāore i te tika ngā tuhinga.
• Te tāke: Me mōhio ki ngā herenga tāke, tae atu ki te tāke moni whiwhi (corporate income tax), te VAT, me te tāke whakawhiti. Me kōrero ki tētahi kaitohutohu ā-tāke.
• Te noho ā-ture: Me whai whakaaetanga noho ā-ture mō ngā kaimahi katoa, tae atu ki ngā kaiwhakahaere. Me whakarite i mua.

He kupu whakamutunga

He mahi nui te whakatū kamupene i Haina, engari mēnā ka whakarite tika koe i ngā tuhinga me ngā hipanga, ka taea te whakatutuki. Ko te mea nui: whakatau i te momo hinonga, whakarite i ngā tuhinga me te whakamana, ā, mahi tahi me tētahi kaitohutohu ā-ture, ā-tāke rānei e mōhio ana ki ngā ture o Haina. Kāore tēnei tuhinga i te whakakapi i te tohutohu ā-ture, ā-tāke rānei. Me rapu tohutohu motuhake koe i mua i te whakatau.